Adam's marginal and average cost: the marginal-cost bars sum to total cost 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.40 Marginal cost Average cost Daily output of cakes Cost (units of product Y) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6th cake: marginal cost 1.40Y · average cost 1.15Y total cost so far 6.90Y The six marginal-cost bars stack up to the 6.90Y total — sum of marginals = total cost.