One support price, two routes: restrict supply or boost demand Neither Restrict supply Boost demand Quantity Price ($) S D P* Q* P′ S′ limit output Q′ output cut D′ government purchases Q′ government buys this Supply is cut back to S′ (tax output, or pay producers to cut it), so S′ meets D at P′ = 5.0 with Q = 2, down from Q = 3.5. Buyers pay 5.0 instead of 3.5 — and get 2 units instead of 3.5. Consumers pay for this route twice: higher price, less of the good. Press a button to reach the same support price a different way. Both routes hold the price at P′ = 5.0; each one bills a different group.